What Is Allergic Conjunctivitis?
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common eye condition that occurs when the conjunctiva—the clear tissue covering the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids—becomes inflamed due to an allergic reaction.
Typical triggers include:
- Pollen from trees, grasses, or flowers
- Dust mites and mould spores
- Animal dander
- Household cleaners, detergents, perfumes, or fabric softeners
This reaction causes the body to release histamine, which leads to redness, itching, swelling, and watering of the eyes. While not dangerous, it can significantly affect comfort and quality of life—especially during allergy seasons like spring.
Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis
There are two primary forms of this condition:
Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Sudden onset, often linked to seasonal allergies
- Itchy, swollen eyelids
- Runny nose and tearing
- Symptoms peak during allergy seasons
Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Year-round exposure to allergens like dust, pet hair, or chemical irritants
- Milder but more persistent symptoms such as burning, itching, and light sensitivity
Signs and Symptoms to Look Out For
Allergic conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes and symptoms tend to appear quickly. Common signs include:
- Itchy, gritty, or burning eyes
- Redness of the whites of the eyes and eyelids
- Swelling of the eyelids
- Watery or teary eyes
- Red and sore skin on the inside of the eyelids
- No impact on vision, unless severe inflammation occurs
- In serious cases, the upper conjunctiva may become lumpy
Causes and Risk Factors
You’re likely experiencing allergic conjunctivitis if your body is reacting to one or more of the following triggers:
- Pollen from grass, trees, or flowers
- Dust and household mould
- Animal fur or feathers
- Chemical scents in cleaning products, deodorants, or perfumes
- Contact lens solutions or medicated eye drops
Who’s Most at Risk?
- Individuals with allergies or hayfever
- Children and young adults
- Those living in areas with high pollen counts
- People with a family history of allergies
According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, 40% of children and 30% of adults suffer from allergies, many of whom will also develop allergic conjunctivitis.
Treatment Options for Allergic Conjunctivitis
Home Care
Managing symptoms at home can be highly effective, especially for mild cases:
- Keep windows closed during high pollen days
- Dust frequently and use HEPA-filter air purifiers
- Avoid exposure to perfumes, fabric softeners, and aerosol products
- Use cool compresses to reduce swelling and itching
- Avoid rubbing your eyes to prevent further irritation
Medications
In more persistent or severe cases, medical treatment may be necessary:
- Antihistamine tablets (oral or over-the-counter)
- Anti-inflammatory eye drops
- Decongestant drops to reduce redness
- Steroid eye drops for severe flare-ups (prescription only)
Always consult your optometrist or healthcare provider before starting treatment—especially with steroid drops.
Tired of itchy, red eyes every allergy season?
Book an appointment at Davida van der Merwe Optometrist for expert diagnosis and personalised care to keep your eyes healthy and irritation-free.
