What Is a Pinguecula?
A pinguecula is a small, elevated yellowish bump that forms on the white part of the eye (sclera), near the edge of the cornea. It typically appears on the side closest to the nose but may also form on the outer edge. While often confused with a pterygium, the pinguecula differs in that it does not grow into the cornea and tends to progress more slowly.
Although benign and non-cancerous, a pinguecula can become uncomfortable or inflamed—especially when exposed to sunlight, wind, or dry environments.
What Causes a Pinguecula?
Pingueculae are strongly linked to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, with additional aggravating factors including:
- Dry eyes
- Wind and dust exposure
- Outdoor environments without proper eye protection
UV radiation alters the structure of the conjunctival tissue, resulting in a raised, fatty or protein-based deposit. This change in the eye’s surface may also disturb tear distribution, contributing to irritation and dryness.
Signs and Symptoms
Most pingueculae are harmless and asymptomatic—but when inflammation or irritation occurs, you may experience:
- Grittiness or a foreign body sensation
- Dry, itchy, or burning eyes
- Redness and swelling (pingueculitis)
- Blurred vision or extra blood vessels near the bump
- Mild discomfort when blinking or wearing contact lenses
The bump is often slightly yellow, round or oval, and raised. It usually remains small, but in rare cases may enlarge over time.
How It Differs from a Pterygium
A pterygium is a larger growth that extends over the cornea and may affect vision. A pinguecula, on the other hand, is localized, stays on the sclera, and rarely interferes with sight. However, both can cause similar irritation and dryness when inflamed.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase your risk of developing a pinguecula:
- Extended UV exposure (especially without sunglasses)
- Outdoor work or hobbies
- Dry or windy climates
- Chronic dry eye disease
- Lack of protective eyewear
Wearing wraparound sunglasses with 100% UV protection is a simple and effective way to minimise your risk, even on cloudy days.
Treatment Options
In most cases, no treatment is required. However, if symptoms occur, relief may be provided with:
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to relieve dryness
- Anti-inflammatory drops or ointments for flare-ups
- Cool compresses to soothe irritation
Surgical Removal
Surgery is rarely needed, but may be considered if:
- The appearance causes distress
- It interferes with contact lens wear
- The pinguecula becomes chronically inflamed
- There are changes in size, shape, or colour
In some cases, surface radiation or medication may be used post-operatively to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Noticed a small bump on the white of your eye or feeling persistent eye irritation?
Book a consultation with Davida van der Merwe Optometrist to assess and manage any unusual growths before they affect your comfort or eye health.
