What Is a Pterygium?
A pterygium (pronounced te-ridge-e-um) is a non-cancerous, wedge-shaped growth of tissue on the conjunctiva—the clear mucous membrane that covers the white part of the eye. It typically begins from the inner corner of the eye (closer to the nose) and can gradually extend towards the cornea.
The word pterygium originates from the Greek word pterygos, meaning “wing,” as it often resembles a butterfly wing in shape. While usually harmless, a pterygium may cause discomfort and can lead to vision problems if it grows too far across the cornea.
What Causes Pterygium?
While the exact cause remains unclear, long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is considered the most significant contributing factor. Other environmental irritants such as dust, wind, and dry air can also trigger or worsen the condition.
Risk factors include:
- Prolonged UV exposure
- Dry or windy climates
- Outdoor occupations or hobbies
- Chronic eye irritation or dryness
- Genetic predisposition
Signs and Symptoms
Many people with a pterygium are initially asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. However, as the tissue grows, symptoms may include:
- Redness and inflammation in the eye
- A gritty or foreign body sensation
- Dry eyes due to reduced tear production
- Blurred or distorted vision if the cornea becomes altered
- Obstructed vision if the growth reaches the pupil
- Astigmatism or visual irregularities
- A visible white-to-pink growth, usually triangular in shape
- Presence of a Stocker line (an iron line at the edge of the growth)
Pterygia are sometimes mistaken for cataracts, but unlike cataracts (which are inside the eye), pterygia are external growths on the surface.
When Should You Seek Treatment?
Most pterygia are benign and manageable, but treatment is recommended when:
- The growth threatens to affect vision
- It causes ongoing discomfort
- You experience frequent redness or inflammation
- The appearance affects your confidence or facial aesthetics
- You’re at risk of corneal scarring
- Non-surgical relief with lubricating eye drops proves insufficient
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Lubricating eye drops or artificial tears help soothe dryness and irritation
- Anti-inflammatory eye drops may be prescribed for flare-ups
- Protective eyewear (sunglasses with 100% UV protection) can prevent worsening
Surgical Removal
When the pterygium grows aggressively or causes visual distortion, it can be surgically removed under local or general anaesthesia.
Today’s standard method often involves:
- Removing the growth
- Placing a conjunctival autograft (tissue from the same eye) or a preserved amniotic membrane
- Securing the graft with medical glue or fine stitches
This helps reduce the risk of recurrence and ensures better cosmetic outcomes.
Post-Surgery Care and Prevention
After surgery, the pterygium can return in up to 50% of cases, so post-operative care is essential:
- Wear sunglasses outdoors
- Use a wide-brimmed hat in sunny environments
- Continue with prescribed eye drops
- Schedule follow-up visits to monitor healing
Noticed a growth in the corner of your eye or experiencing chronic eye irritation?
Book a professional eye examination with Davida van der Merwe Optometrist to assess and manage any abnormal changes before they impact your vision.
📍 30 Victoria Road, Newcastle | 📞 034 312 4602 | 💬 Request Appointment
